source:Thousand Characters

author:Prophetic bookstore

Politics, economy, and science, known as the “Trinity of Modern Civilization”, is also the topic that Chinese people talk about the most today.Because these three cognitions are related to our life and death and the rich.

Compared with the huge differences in politics and economy, the controversy of Chinese people seems to be the smallest.Almost everyone agrees, “ScienceRealize the necessary means of economic prosperity and political strong. “

However,The more important the “unanimous consent”, the easier it is to have wrong cognition.Today’s Volkswagen Media and “Popular Science Reading” generally have four error cognition when discussing “science”.

技术 Error Cognition 1: Technical appearance and scientific essence are not distinguished

We live in an era of technology explosion. The invention and applications such as mobile networks, electronic payment, and artificial intelligence are changing with each passing day, which has brought great convenience to life.

So many people believe that these invention applications are “science”.

But in fact, whether it is the four major inventions of ancient China or the current smartphone, they are only technology or applications, not equal to science itself.

In essence, science is not only a knowledge system, but also a spirit of seeking truth and a way of thinking about the world.

Just likeWu Guosheng“What is science?”This bookWhat is said: Science pays attention to the expression of logic, rationality, experiments, and mathematics axioms. Behind is the pursuit of free will, the spirit of seeking truth, and even conquering natural ambitions.The specific science and technology invention, or the ingenuity of the craftsman, or the specific application, is just a scientific by -product.

The application of the appearance and sporadic technology as the essence of science will inevitably lead to quick success.

For example, trying to achieve “curve overtaking, catching the beauty of the United States” through policy planning and funding support; realizing technical update iterations with “big dry and dry, how fast and good” … As a result, countless manpower, material and financial resources have been exhausted., But getting farther and farther from real science.

Unclear “technical appearance” and “scientific nature” are the most common misunderstanding of science.

BleakError Cognition 2: Natural Science and Social Sciences are not distinguished

In recent hundreds of years, natural science has made rapid progress, transformed nature with strong power, and also changed human society.Many people think that thinking and changing social problems can also use natural science methods.

Inspired by this kind of thought, the “social engineering” that planned economy, social control and even transforming humanity appeared one after another.20The century reached its peak and even detonated the World War.

But in fact, the complexity of human society far exceeds the general nature, and human nature is inseparable.Thinking of thinking, moral, and independent people, as an unconscious item to study, completely separated from the scientific facts.

Just like a thinkerHayek“Anti -Revolution of Science”This bookIt is believed that, as natural science, the calculation of the society through mathematics and physics is a rational, fatal self -negative, and the worst distorted science.

On the other hand, many people see that they cannot study human society with natural science methods, they degrade social science into disciplines that “resort to experience intuition and can be explained at will.”

In fact, although social science is difficult to accurately reach mathematical, it still needs the logic, rationality and data experience of natural sciences.

Just like Qiao Xiaochun is in“How far is Chinese social sciences from science?”This bookSummary,Speaking of evidence, logic, and rationality is the basic requirements of all science.However, in China’s social science research, the status quo of “universal science”, “non -scientific” and even “pseudo -science” are common.As a result, the controversy of people’s social issues has become a “nonsense” that takes care of their positions and whether it is right and wrong.

The difference and boundary between natural science and social science cannot be distinguished. This is the second error cognition of science.

当 Error Cognition II

虚 Mistake cognition 4: The fake danger is not distinguished from the real danger